As semiconductor technology continues to evolve, the journey from a high-level design concept to a manufacturable chip has become increasingly complex. While RTL design and functional verification often receive significant attention, physical design plays an equally critical role in determining whether a chip meets its power, performance, and area targets. https://open-demat-account-online53851.ka-blogs.com/92704359/vlsipedia-a-focused-learning-platform-for-vlsi-and-semiconductor-aspirants